@qbteachmtet al: It is true that "each conversion has its own five-year period", but can the conversion used to establish the "5-year period" to satisfy the qualified distribution, one of the conditions is "it [the distribution] is made after the 5-year period beginning with the first tax year for which a CONTRIBUTION was made to a Roth IRA set up for your benefit" (emphasis added by me). Here the contribution includes the conversion? This is important to determine what amount is subject to tax and penalty, here is an example:

a 30-year old taxpayer made the following distribution and conversions in 2020:

- 2020: distribution 33000
- 2015: taxable conversion 5000
- 2016: taxable conversion 5000
- 2017: taxable conversion 5000
- 2018: taxable conversion 5000
- earning: 13000
- qualified first time home purchase: 10000

How much of the distribution is qualified: 0, 5000, or 10000? What is the amount subject to tax and 10% penalty?