https://www.ftb.ca.gov/forms/2023/2023-540-es-instructions.html

C. Limit on the Use of Prior Year’s Tax

Individuals who are required to make estimated tax payments, and whose 2022 California adjusted gross income is more than $150,000 (or $75,000 if married/RDP filing separately), must figure estimated tax based on the lesser of 90 percent of their tax for 2023 or 110 percent of their tax for 2022 including AMT. This rule does not apply to farmers or fishermen.

Taxpayers with 2023 California adjusted gross income equal to or greater than $1,000,000 (or $500,000 if married/RDP filing separately), must figure estimated tax based on their tax for 2023.