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@Greta wrote:

Going back from a 2024 loss, since 2022 had zero tax,

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Carryback NOL?  Is this a farm?  Or is there a special rule for NOLs that allow a carryback for a disaster (I rarely need to deal with them, so maybe I'm just not aware of it)? Generally, NOLs are only carried forward (except for farming).

In many cases you may have the option to claim the casualty loss in the previous year instead of the disaster year.  You would just file a regular amended return to claim it in the previous year, rather than the current year.

https://www.irs.gov/publications/p547#en_US_2023_publink1000225410