"I guess the only way to get around the errors is to change the W-2 CO state wages reported on line 16 to $57K instead of the total line 1 wages of $62K. This won't match the W-2. Will this result in an e-file rejection or cause problems downstream when I try to e-file?"

The Efile system wont know that you've changed it, it doesnt cross match like that, so you should be fine on that end.  As long as your end results come out correct, you should be fine.